2.44 describe the structure of the thorax, including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes

Mouth/nose à trachea àbronchi à bronchioles à alveoli

Trachea: airway kept open by rings of cartilage which are lined by mucus and cilia (they trap bacteria and dust: keep lungs clear)

Ribs: bone structure that helps protect organs

Bronchi: tubes that split into 2 from the trachea à lead to bronchioles

Bronchiole: tubes smaller than bronchi that lead to alveoli

Alveoli: tiny sacs in lungs where gas exchange takes place

Pleural membranes: surround the lungs and connects the outside of the lungs to the inside of the chest cavity so it follows the movements of the chest. Pleural fluid inside lubricates the lungs: reduces friction

Intercostal muscles: muscles found between the ribs involved in the process of ventilation

Diaphragm: a sheet of muscle that separates the abdominal cavity and the lungs