2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient

Surface area to volume ratio:

A large surface area to volume ration (a larger surface) increases the rate of diffusion/osmosis.

Temperature:

Temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles (more molecules collide with the cell membrane) so the movement of substances into and out of cells is faster

Concentration gradient:

The steeper the concentration gradient (the greater the difference in concentration between 2 regions) the faster the rate of diffusion/osmosis