2.47 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the circulatory systems + blood in the capillaries

Effects on the heart:

-        chemicals from smoking binds irreversibly to haemoglobin meaning there is less oxygen available.

-        The heart will have to pump harder and faster to supply the body with enough oxygen.

-        Blood vessels become damaged because of high blood pressure and plaque may build up in the blood vessels.

-        The build up of fat in the coronary arteries may cause a heart attack.

-        Nicotine causes heart rate to increase

2.66 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys2.66 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys

 The pulmonary artery brings the blood away from the heart and the pulmonary vein brings it back.

The blood vessel leading towards the liver is the hepatic 
artery and the blood vessel leading towards the heart

is the hepatic vein.

The hepatic portal vein connects the liver to the gut 
(digestive system)

The renal artery leads towards the kidneys and the renal vein leads back to the heart.

2.65 describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their rol

Arteries:

-        Blood flows away from the heart

-        Delivers blood to organs

-        Thick muscles and walls

-        Small opening (lumen)

Veins:

-        Blood flows towards the heart

-        Blood returns from the organ

-        Thin walls

-        Large opening

Capillaries:

-        For gas exchange and food transport

-        Oxygen and food enters, carbon dioxide leaves

-        Walls are one cell thick for faster diffusion

-        Can only fit one cell